1.5 THE INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY OF USING DRONES IN MODERN CONSTRUCTION IN THE WORLD

Abstrak

Abstract:

The article presents the main ways of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in the field of construction and discusses the prospects for expanding their functionality.

Key words:

UAV, thermal power plants, hydroelectric power stations, a drone, a drone aircraft.

ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ДРОНОВ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ В МИРЕ

Аннотация:

В статье приведены основные способы использования беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) в сфере строительства и рассмотрены перспективы расширения их функционала.

Ключевые слова:

БПЛА, ТЭС, ГЭС, беспилотник, дрон, летательные аппарат.

Modern construction requires constant improvement of quality and accuracy in the production of works. This can be achieved by applying new technologies and advanced developments. In construction, devices for accurate measurements have long been used: building levels, theodolites, rangefinders, etc., and all of them are constantly being improved, reducing errors to a minimum. But the human factor can make an error even in the most accurate measurements. In this regard, the improvement of devices should go in the direction of gradually eliminating human participation in operations that require high accuracy, leaving him the ability to control and adjust. It is necessary to protect the human resource, if possible, to protect people from their inherent mistakes, especially in such a responsible business as construction. Finding ways to improve accuracy, safety and quality, and reduce the risk of injury is the main goal of this work. Among the latest developments being implemented everywhere, including in the construction sector, particular attention is drawn to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

Fig. 1 advantages of drones in construction.

Professional UAVs are an effective means of ensuring the functioning of objects. Today, they perform tasks related to information support of construction works, such as:

• survey and documentation of the condition of hard-to-reach or large-scale objects (such as gas pipelines, bridge supports, TPP pipes, HPP structures, etc.);
• making measurements depending on the attachments (measuring distance, temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed, taking and analyzing air samples, etc.);
• creating a variety of cartographic materials for construction purposes;
• creation of high-quality aerial photos of construction sites and construction objects;
• the transmission of video in real time;
• monitoring the progress of construction.

In addition, construction drones can be used as a physical assistant, meaning they can take on the function of delivering small loads or even mounting light structures at height. For example, it is advisable to entrust harmful work, such as the installation of mineral wool slabs, to drones. This will reduce not only the risk of falling from a height, but also the harmful effects of building materials on the human body [1.2.3.4.5.6]. Drones do a good job with the implementation of the security functions when an unmanned patrol facilities.

Fig. 2. drone Observations on concrete products.

When studying the scope of UAVs, it becomes clear that the main way to use them is to remotely collect various types of information. But they can be useful in more ways than one. The study showed that drones are not sufficiently involved in the construction sector, and their potential is not fully disclosed. Therefore, we will consider other directions of their development. Given that modern technology allows to improve the accuracy produced at the site of the work, and, consequently, the quality of construction, which is an essential condition for the development of industry required the development of specialized UAV designed for this purpose. One of the most promising directions is to attract drones to work on the construction site as a projector. It can do marking using precise laser equipment. Thus, it will make the removal of the construction plan to the area in a matter of seconds, facilitating the work of the surveyor and increasing the accuracy and speed at this stage of work. Automation itself is able to make sure that the image projected on the ground by the projector is clear, accurate and clearly distinguishable on the ground. The height of the drone hovering over the construction site may vary depending on the area of the projected image. If necessary, the site is divided into separate segments (grabs) and the operation is repeated [7]. Thus, if now the work of a surveyor is dragging from place to place levels and theodolites along with tripods, walking on the site with a three-meter rail, driving into the ground marks and pulling a system of ropes, then in the near future this and many other tasks will be handled by drones.

In the future, unmanned aerial vehicles will be able to replace people when performing most work at altitude, which will reduce the risk of accidents and improve efficiency. Software developers offer products that allow you to embed projected construction objects in the image captured from a drone. In other words, you can place augmented reality objects on the terrain that haven't been created yet.

Fig. 3. the use of drones in construction.

This allows you to virtually fit a new building or structure into the existing landscape in order to assess whether it is compatible with the surrounding space. A drone just needs one flight over a given territory and the planned house will appear virtually in the right place. There are many ways to use drones in construction and urban economy. For example, searching for unauthorized landfills or detecting illegal development; monitoring the quality of road surface, monitoring the accuracy of installation of building structures; taking air samples, measuring noise levels, radiation, and insolation (to select the optimal placement of solar panels); identifying roofs that require repair, hard-to-reach areas, and much more [8].

Therefore, it is necessary to develop laws that make the use of drones more accessible to builders, and also, in order to increase the efficiency of investments, it is necessary to create a universal carrier drone that would have replaceable modules for performing various types of work on a given construction site. A construction company does not have to buy several drones with different functionality, if they have at least one drone with replaceable equipment that can both conduct a survey, take the necessary samples, and take the markings to the construction site, and perform the physical work available to it, and monitor the accuracy of other work. They try to minimize the human factor in all areas of production. How many problems were caused by human inattention, inaccuracy and forgetfulness. Of course, it may not be possible to completely exclude human involvement, and it is not necessary, but it is necessary to assign work that requires high accuracy to reduce the harmful influence. In the future, construction should naturally become a matter of drones and robotics.

References

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